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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

努力做“把命令下达清楚”的基层指挥员******

　　下达命令，务必清楚明确

　　■杨元超

　　不久前，我作为基地前进指挥组成员，随某旅夜间火力突击演练分队跟训。部队出发前，发射连连长在班排骨干会上提了不少要求。我旁听了一会儿，觉得他说的有些空泛、不够具体。比如，要求遭“敌”精准打击时各车灵活处置，却没说何时进行伪装、能否脱离梯队自行疏散隐蔽；安排兼职卫生员在出现人员“伤亡”时迅速处置，却对兼职和本职工作冲突时哪个优先没有明确；强调严格按规程操作，却对紧急情况下容易变形走样的环节没有强调提醒……而这些，恰恰是班排骨干最关心的点，也是他们在会后最需要给所属战士明确的。再一看听了连长讲话的骨干们，很多也是一脸茫然的样子。

　　回想起自己担任指导员的经历，“把命令下达清楚”，也是战士们给我上的第一课。记得上任不久，我连就参加了一次阵地外围警戒任务，事先我只给各警戒小组大体划分了范围，对一条平时很少有人车经过的“断头路”却没指定责任人，只说“有情况各小组兼顾一下就行”，结果当晚的导调课目恰恰是小股“敌特”从这条路上潜入。由于相邻两个小组在警戒巡逻时都对这条路“一带而过”，导致“敌人”差点渗透到装备附近，要不是操作号手及时发现，整个发射行动就失败了。

　　任务结束，我把责任归咎于警戒人员主动作为意识不强、不知及时补位，还当众批评了这两个小组。但我从战士们的眼神中感到，他们感到很委屈，甚至有些不服气。事后，副连长找到我开诚布公地说：“这次真不能怪战士们，怪就怪你没有把命令下达清楚。”

　　一语点醒梦中人。循着副连长的话反思，我发现自己除了这次任务外，在日常工作中也有不少命令下达不清的情况。开连务会部署工作，有的骨干几乎不动笔记录；晚点名讲评工作，队列里明显有人心不在焉……细细回想，出现这些现象的原因就是当时自己讲了不少正确的废话和“两头堵”的车轱辘话，而对官兵迫切想知道的“我该干什么、怎么干、达到什么标准”等，却囫囵吞枣、语焉不详。

　　认识到自己的问题后，再下达命令、布置任务时，我努力做到把方向目标指清楚、把标准要求尽可能量化到“米秒环”、把责任压实到具体人。如此一来，开会的时间变短了，任务却安排得明明白白。后来，有不少骨干反映，指导员讲话终于能说到点子上了。

　　战士们的鼓励，引发我更深的思考。作为一线带兵人和基层指挥员，“把命令下达清楚”很难吗？想想其实并不难，关键在于下达命令前一定把情况弄清、把任务想透，下达的命令一定要简明扼要、易于理解、具体可行，同时明确重点难点堵点，并给出相应的解决方法。战场上、工作中，固然需要官兵们发挥主观能动性，但绝不能因此而在安排任务时含含糊糊、大而化之，更不能故作高明地卖个关子，让部属去揣摩和猜测。因为，只有上级把话说清楚，下级才能把事干明白。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）